Hydrogenology
Hydrogenology editorial study record

Molecular hydrogen downregulates acute exhaustive exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage

Nogueira JE, Amorim MR, Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, da Silva ASR, Branco LGS. · Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2021;99(8):812–820.

PreclinicalInhaled H₂Published 2021
Study record, not medical adviceThis page reports one source and Hydrogenology’s source-text extraction. It does not establish that molecular hydrogen is effective, safe or appropriate for any person. Human, animal and laboratory evidence must not be treated as equivalent.
Source and classification

What kind of evidence is this?

Evidence stream

Preclinical

Reported design

Randomized controlled rat study

Research topic

Exercise and recovery

Administration classification

Inhaled H₂

Study result signal

Mixed biomarker signal; performance null.

Outcome type

Performance and muscle biomarker outcomes in rats.

Reported in the source

Methods at a glance

Population or model

Male Wistar rats assigned to sedentary or acute exhaustive exercise conditions.

Sample

Four groups; analyzed group counts vary by assay and were not consolidated beyond the reported range.

Duration

Acute session.

Intervention

2% H₂ inhalation before and during treadmill exercise.

Hydrogen form

Inhaled H₂-containing gas.

H₂ specification

2% H₂.

H₂ flow

30-minute acclimation followed by the 45-minute exercise exposure.

O₂ delivered with H₂

Control-gas conditions were used.

Comparator

Sedentary and exercise groups inhaling control gas.

Reported, not endorsed

Outcomes and reported result

Outcomes measured

Exercise performance, SOD, TBARS, glutathione and cleaved caspase-3 in skeletal muscle.

Reported result

H₂ did not improve exercise performance; selected oxidative and apoptotic markers favored H₂, while several measures were null.

Results-extraction completeness

The full article methods, intervention, outcomes, positive and null findings, funding and conflict statements were checked.

A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit. Null findings, outcome type, study design and precision all matter.

Interpretation limits

Cautions and applicability

Design and reporting cautions

Acute animal study with small and variably reported assay samples.

Applies directly to

The reported acute-exercise rat model only.

Preliminary appraisal framework

SYRCLE animal-study tool — preliminary

Preliminary risk-of-bias status

Some concerns

Appraisal rationale

Randomization was reported, but group-size reporting, concealment and assessor blinding were limited.

Appraisal domains

Sequence generation checked where reported · Allocation concealment generally unclear · Personnel blinding generally unclear · Outcome-assessor blinding generally unclear · No prospectively registered analysis plan identified

No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Certainty is assessed by important outcome across a complete eligible evidence set, not by attaching a final grade to one source.

Provenance

Sources and record status

Identifiers

PMID: 33356867 · DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0297

Publisher access

A free publisher or repository full article was checked.

Extraction basis

Publisher or repository full article and bibliographic record; checked 10 August 2026.

Record revision

2026-08-10