Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway
Zhang Y, Ying Y, Zu X, Ding L, Shi X, Wang J, Li X, Li C, Zhou Q, Shen H, Li H, Lu H, Cheng J. · Medical gas research. 2026;16(1):26-32.
Study at a glance
Preclinical
mice, mouse, tissues, tissue used to study exercise and recovery.
Full text reports H₂ dissolved in drinking water. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 1.5 ppm, 8 hours, 5 μM, 24 hours, 250 μM, 6 hours, 10%. · H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 1.5 ppm, 8 hours, 5 μM, 24 hours, 250 μM, 6 hours, 10%. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
8 hours
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “These results implied that hydrogen-rich water upregulates the expression of IRG1 to restore the decarboxylation of cis-aconite acid and increases itaconate, which aberrantly decreases…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
Preclinical evidence only; findings do not establish a treatment effect in people. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
What kind of evidence is this?
Preclinical
Controlled animal and cell study
Exercise and recovery
H₂-rich water
Information not yet classified
Some editorial classification fields are still pending. The source-reported outcomes and result are shown below; Hydrogenology does not infer a positive or negative signal from prose automatically.
Methods
mice, mouse, tissues, tissue used to study exercise and recovery.
Preclinical study; group or assay counts reported in the full text include n=7.
8 hours
Full text reports H₂ dissolved in drinking water. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 1.5 ppm, 8 hours, 5 μM, 24 hours, 250 μM, 6 hours, 10%.
H₂ dissolved in drinking water — H₂ only unless the full text explicitly reports oxygen co-delivery.
H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 1.5 ppm, 8 hours, 5 μM, 24 hours, 250 μM, 6 hours, 10%. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
Control or comparison condition reported in the full article; see the linked methods for arm-specific details.
Outcomes and reported result
survival or mortality, clinical symptoms or functional scores, inflammation and cytokines, oxidative-stress and antioxidant markers, apoptosis or cell injury, histology or tissue damage
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “These results implied that hydrogen-rich water upregulates the expression of IRG1 to restore the decarboxylation of cis-aconite acid and increases itaconate, which aberrantly decreases…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
The complete machine-readable article was checked for source identity, methods, intervention quantities, results, tables, funding and conflict declarations. This public record is based on the full article.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Preclinical evidence only; findings do not establish a treatment effect in people. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
Applies to the reported animal, cell or tissue model, not directly to patients.
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
PMID: 40580185 · DOI: 10.4103/mgr.medgasres-d-24-00148
A free full article is available through PubMed Central.
Official PubMed/PMC full article; source identity, intervention data and declarations re-audited 25 August 2026.
25 August 2026
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