Three hydrogen-rich solutions protect against intestinal injury in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock
Du Z, Liu J, Jia H, Xu W, Zhao X. · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2015;8(5):7620-7626.
Study at a glance
Preclinical
Male Wistar rats weighing 290-320 g in an uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model.
Intravenous resuscitation after shock with hydrogen-rich Ringer's solution, hydrogen-rich hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or hydrogen-rich hypertonic-saline/HES solution. · Each solution was exposed to H₂ for six hours at 0.4 MPa to a supersaturated level and stored without headspace at 4°C. The article does not report numerical H₂ concentration, infusion volume or infusion rate.
Acute post-shock resuscitation and intestinal tissue collection; exact infusion timing, volume and endpoint time are not clearly reported in the article.
All three H₂-rich solutions were associated with lower MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α, higher IL-10 and less histological injury than their matched solutions. Results text says SOD improved with H₂, while one discussion sentence says it was lower; Hydrogenology marks the SOD direction as internally inconsistent.
Acute rat model, n=10 groups, multiple surrogate endpoints, no survival or systemic-organ assessment, missing H₂ concentration/infusion dose/timing and an internal SOD-direction contradiction. No funding or conflict statement was identified in the article, so absence is not inferred.
What kind of evidence is this?
Preclinical
Randomized seven-group rat uncontrolled-hemorrhagic-shock resuscitation experiment
Critical care and ischemia-reperfusion
Other forms
Information not yet classified
Some editorial classification fields are still pending. The source-reported outcomes and result are shown below; Hydrogenology does not infer a positive or negative signal from prose automatically.
Methods
Male Wistar rats weighing 290-320 g in an uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model.
70 rats randomized to sham or six resuscitation groups, n=10 each: Ringer's, HES or hypertonic-saline/HES solution, each with or without dissolved H₂.
Acute post-shock resuscitation and intestinal tissue collection; exact infusion timing, volume and endpoint time are not clearly reported in the article.
Intravenous resuscitation after shock with hydrogen-rich Ringer's solution, hydrogen-rich hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or hydrogen-rich hypertonic-saline/HES solution.
H₂ dissolved separately in three intravenous solutions — H₂ only, not Brown's gas and not inhalation.
Each solution was exposed to H₂ for six hours at 0.4 MPa to a supersaturated level and stored without headspace at 4°C. The article does not report numerical H₂ concentration, infusion volume or infusion rate.
Matching non-hydrogen Ringer's, HES and hypertonic-saline/HES solutions, plus sham surgery.
Outcomes and reported result
Intestinal MDA, SOD, MPO, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and histological villus/inflammatory injury.
All three H₂-rich solutions were associated with lower MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α, higher IL-10 and less histological injury than their matched solutions. Results text says SOD improved with H₂, while one discussion sentence says it was lower; Hydrogenology marks the SOD direction as internally inconsistent.
The complete free PMC article was checked for all seven groups, solution preparation, missing concentration/dose/timing, positive results, the internal SOD contradiction, funding and available disclosures.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Acute rat model, n=10 groups, multiple surrogate endpoints, no survival or systemic-organ assessment, missing H₂ concentration/infusion dose/timing and an internal SOD-direction contradiction. No funding or conflict statement was identified in the article, so absence is not inferred.
Experimental uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in male rats; it does not establish a human resuscitation fluid.
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
PMID: 26221308
Free full article in PubMed Central.
Complete PMC article and PubMed metadata; full-text extraction checked 9 August 2026.
10 August 2026
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