Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Memantine in Chronic Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Behavioral, Histological, and Molecular Insights
Xu K, Liu H, Wang Y, He Y, Liu M, Lu H, Wang Y, Niu P, Qin X. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2025;14(8):948.
Study at a glance
Preclinical
rats, rat, tissues, tissue used to study metabolic and lipid health.
Full text reports H₂ dissolved in drinking water. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 1000 ppb, 0.5 mM. · H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 1000 ppb, 0.5 mM. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
Multiple article-specific time points; see the linked full methods.
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “The control group and the IR + HRW group showed significantly higher values in the number of entries into the central area, time spent…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
Preclinical evidence only; findings do not establish a treatment effect in people. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
What kind of evidence is this?
Preclinical
Controlled preclinical study
Metabolic and lipid health
H₂-rich water
Information not yet classified
Some editorial classification fields are still pending. The source-reported outcomes and result are shown below; Hydrogenology does not infer a positive or negative signal from prose automatically.
Methods
rats, rat, tissues, tissue used to study metabolic and lipid health.
Preclinical study; group or assay counts reported in the full text include n=10, n=3.
Multiple article-specific time points; see the linked full methods.
Full text reports H₂ dissolved in drinking water. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 1000 ppb, 0.5 mM.
H₂ dissolved in drinking water — H₂ only unless the full text explicitly reports oxygen co-delivery.
H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 1000 ppb, 0.5 mM. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
Control or comparison condition reported in the full article; see the linked methods for arm-specific details.
Outcomes and reported result
survival or mortality, clinical symptoms or functional scores, tumor growth or cancer markers, inflammation and cytokines, oxidative-stress and antioxidant markers, apoptosis or cell injury
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “The control group and the IR + HRW group showed significantly higher values in the number of entries into the central area, time spent…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
The complete machine-readable article was checked for source identity, methods, intervention quantities, results, tables, funding and conflict declarations. This public record is based on the full article.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Preclinical evidence only; findings do not establish a treatment effect in people. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
Applies to the reported animal, cell or tissue model, not directly to patients.
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
PMID: 40867844 · DOI: 10.3390/antiox14080948
A free full article is available through PubMed Central.
Official Europe PMC JATS full article and PubMed/PMC identifiers; structured full-text extraction and validation completed 8 August 2026.
10 August 2026
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