Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Li Y, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi N, Kashiwagi T, Komatsu T, Ye J, Teruya K, Abe M, Yan H, Kinjo T, Kabayama S, Kawamura M, Shirahata S. · Cytotechnology. 2011;63:119-131.
Study at a glance
Preclinical
Pancreatic beta-cell experiments and an alloxan-induced diabetes mouse model.
Electrolyzed reduced water in cell culture and as drinking water in the mouse model. · Reported ERW contained about 0.93 ppm dissolved H2 and had high alkalinity and strongly negative oxidation-reduction potential.
Model-specific cell and animal schedules reported in the article.
Electrolyzed reduced water suppressed selected alloxan-related cell injury measures and improved glucose-related outcomes in the mouse model.
Electrolyzed reduced water differs in hydrogen, pH, redox state and other properties; the study does not isolate molecular hydrogen.
What kind of evidence is this?
Preclinical
Controlled cell and mouse study
Metabolic and lipid health
H₂-rich water
Positive preclinical signal for a complex water intervention.
Cell viability and animal metabolic biomarker outcomes.
Methods
Pancreatic beta-cell experiments and an alloxan-induced diabetes mouse model.
Multiple cell experiments and mouse treatment groups reported in the full article.
Model-specific cell and animal schedules reported in the article.
Electrolyzed reduced water in cell culture and as drinking water in the mouse model.
Dissolved H2 was one property of electrolyzed reduced water; not Brown's gas.
Reported ERW contained about 0.93 ppm dissolved H2 and had high alkalinity and strongly negative oxidation-reduction potential.
Ultrapure water adjusted with sodium hydroxide and model-control conditions.
Outcomes and reported result
Beta-cell apoptosis, oxidative measures and blood-glucose outcomes.
Electrolyzed reduced water suppressed selected alloxan-related cell injury measures and improved glucose-related outcomes in the mouse model.
The full article, water chemistry, cell experiments and animal outcomes were checked.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Electrolyzed reduced water differs in hydrogen, pH, redox state and other properties; the study does not isolate molecular hydrogen.
The reported cell and alloxan mouse models.
SYRCLE animal-study tool — preliminary
Some concerns
Complex exposure and incomplete reporting of animal allocation and blinding.
Randomization/allocation reporting is limited · Blinding of personnel is unclear · Attrition is incompletely reported in places · Blinding of outcome assessors is unclear · No prospectively registered analysis plan identified
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
PMID: 21063772 · DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9317-6
Free full article in PubMed Central.
PubMed record and PubMed Central full text; extraction checked 9 August 2026.
10 August 2026
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