Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Hydrogen Inhalation in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm, Retrospective Study
Ji H, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Sun R, Li Y, Ding X, Ni T. · Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy. 2023;16:2039-2050.
Study at a glance
Human
Human participants studied for metabolic and lipid health. See eligibility criteria in the linked full text.
Full text reports inhaled H₂-containing gas. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 95%, 0.1%, 0.5%. · H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 95%, 0.1%, 0.5%. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
Multiple article-specific time points; see the linked full methods.
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “Compared to baseline (0.7%), subjects reaching HbA1c<7% were significantly increasing to 8.1% at 3 months (p<0.05) and 9.3% at 6 months (p<0.05), but no…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
Human evidence; design, sample size and comparator limit interpretation. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
What kind of evidence is this?
Human
Retrospective human study
Metabolic and lipid health
Inhaled H₂
Information not yet classified
Some editorial classification fields are still pending. The source-reported outcomes and result are shown below; Hydrogenology does not infer a positive or negative signal from prose automatically.
Methods
Human participants studied for metabolic and lipid health. See eligibility criteria in the linked full text.
Human study; the full text reports 14 patients, with group/assay counts including n=431, n=280, n=151.
Multiple article-specific time points; see the linked full methods.
Full text reports inhaled H₂-containing gas. Detected intervention quantities or schedules: 95%, 0.1%, 0.5%.
Inhaled molecular H₂; not classified as Brown’s gas without an H₂/O₂ composition.
H₂-related quantities reported in the intervention passages: 95%, 0.1%, 0.5%. Values are not combined across different experimental arms.
Not reported in the full article — an absolute H₂ flow in mL/min could not be verified.
O₂ concentration and absolute O₂ flow were not both reported in the full article; no value is inferred.
Control or comparison condition reported in the full article; see the linked methods for arm-specific details.
Outcomes and reported result
clinical symptoms or functional scores, inflammation and cytokines, oxidative-stress and antioxidant markers, apoptosis or cell injury, metabolic laboratory measures, cardiovascular measures
Article-reported result excerpt (24 words maximum): “Compared to baseline (0.7%), subjects reaching HbA1c<7% were significantly increasing to 8.1% at 3 months (p<0.05) and 9.3% at 6 months (p<0.05), but no…” This excerpt is not a complete result summary; consult the linked full text for all positive and null findings.
The complete machine-readable article was checked for source identity, methods, intervention quantities, results, tables, funding and conflict declarations. This public record is based on the full article.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Human evidence; design, sample size and comparator limit interpretation. Funding or grant information is reported in the full article. The article declares no conflicts of interest.
Applies only to the population and protocol reported in this metabolic and lipid health article.
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
PMID: 37431394 · DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s412898
A free full article is available through PubMed Central.
Official PubMed/PMC full article; source identity, intervention data and declarations re-audited 25 August 2026.
25 August 2026
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