Efficacy and safety of hydrogen inhalation therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients inadequately controlled by metformin alone
Lin G, Ni T. · Adv Clin Med. 2022;12(10):9605–9612.
Study at a glance
Human
Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin.
Metformin plus H₂ inhalation for three hours daily. · Generator output 3,000 mL/hour; the inhaled H₂ concentration was not reported.
12 weeks.
The article reports favorable between-group differences for multiple metabolic measures and fewer adverse events in the H₂ group.
Single-center report with unclear allocation concealment and blinding, many outcomes and no reported inhaled H₂ concentration.
What kind of evidence is this?
Human
Randomized controlled parallel study
Metabolic and lipid health
Inhaled H₂
Reported positive between-group signal with high uncertainty.
Metabolic laboratory outcomes, weight and reported adverse events.
Methods
Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin.
110 participants; 55 per group.
12 weeks.
Metformin plus H₂ inhalation for three hours daily.
Inhaled H₂-containing gas.
Generator output 3,000 mL/hour; the inhaled H₂ concentration was not reported.
3,000 mL/hour generator output; delivered concentration unclear.
No oxygen co-delivery was reported.
Metformin plus placebo gas.
Outcomes and reported result
HbA1c, glucose profile, lipids, HOMA indices, weight and adverse events.
The article reports favorable between-group differences for multiple metabolic measures and fewer adverse events in the H₂ group.
The full article methods, intervention, outcomes, positive and null findings, funding and conflict statements were checked.
A reported association, difference or mechanism is not automatically a clinical benefit.
Limitations and applicability
Single-center report with unclear allocation concealment and blinding, many outcomes and no reported inhaled H₂ concentration.
The reported metformin-treated population only.
Cochrane RoB 2 — preliminary
High risk
Randomization was stated, but sequence generation, concealment, blinding and protocol-based outcome selection were not established.
Random sequence reported or described · Allocation concealment not fully established · Deviations and co-interventions checked · Outcome measurement checked by endpoint · No outcome-level protocol comparison completed
No single-study GRADE certainty rating is assigned. Read how records and evidence assessments are prepared.
Sources and record status
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2022.12101389 · DOI: 10.12677/acm.2022.12101389
A free publisher or repository full article was checked.
Publisher or repository full article and bibliographic record; checked 10 August 2026.
10 August 2026
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